Mughal Empire (30 Dez 1526 Jahr – 1 Jan 1857 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Gunpowder empire (Sunni Islam)

Muslim dynasty of turkic-mongol origin. Delhi sultanate fell to it in 1526

*Capital=Delhi
*Founded by Babur, a descendent of Tamerlane
*Akbar ruled from 1556-1605, defeating Hindu armies and establishing a:
*Strong, centralized govt. and an effective civil service
*zamindars=officials in charge of taxation, construction and water supply who were payed in land and money from taxes (worked well under Akbar, but under others began to take more taxes, building personal armies)
*Akbar was tolerant of all religions: gave money for catholic church in Goa, provided land grants for the new religion of Sikhism (developed from Hinduism) and tried to mediate conflict between Hindus and Muslims. Gave Hindus positions in govt. Even exempted Hindus from non-Muslim tax
*overseas trade flourished
*Died in 1605, without succeeding in his goal to convert Hindu and Islamic subjects to "divine faith" religion, which he created to reconcile Hinduism and Islam

Decline:
*Aurungzeb (next next ruler) failed to keep up with military innovations, but still tried to increase size of empire and bring all India under Muslim rule
*Drained treasury and unable to contain peasant uprisings
*Revolts amongst Hindu and Islamic princes
*After his death, British and French take advantage of instability to gain economic power in India

British take political power from the Mughals in the nineteenth century

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