Civil war with Julius Caesar (1 Jan 49 Jahr v. Chr. – 1 Apr 45 Jahr v. Chr.)

Beschreibung:

When Caesar was in Gaul and organized the conquered territories, Pompey and Crassus tried to enlarge their power too. Pompey was successful. Crassus was less fortunate.
After Crassus' death, only Pompey and Caesar remained, and the Senate feared a civil war from which a king would arise.
In 49 BCE, on the seventh of January, the Senate demanded Caesar to hand over his ten well-trained legions to a new governor. Caesar heard the news in Ravenna, and knew that he had to make a choice between prosecution and rebellion; preferring the dignity of war over the humiliation of a process, Caesar chose to rebel, quoting his favorite poet Menander, "the die is cast". In the night of 10/11 January, the Thirteenth legion advanced to Rimini, where he could control the passes across the Apennines. In doing so, he crossed the river Rubicon, thereby invading Italy and provoking the Second Civil War.

Caesar was losing but then eventually won in the battle of Pharsalus, where Caesar's more experienced men overcame Pompey's larger army.

When Caesar met Cleopatra in Alexandria, he was captivated by the young woman's charms and chose her side in the Alexandrine War: in the spring of 47 BCE, he defeated Ptolemy. The boy's body was found in the Nile.

Having defeated Pompey and having calmed Egypt and Asia, the dictator was free to return to Rome

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