Crusades (1 Jan 1095 Jahr – 1 Jan 1291 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers in order to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many more unofficial ones, none would be as successful as the first, and by 1291 CE the Crusader-created states in the Middle East were absorbed into the Mamluk Sultanate. The idea of crusading was applied more successfully (for Christians) to other regions, notably in the Baltic against European pagans and in the Iberian Peninsula against the Muslim Moors. Involving emperors, kings, and Europe's nobility, as well as thousands of knights and more humble warriors, the wars would have tremendous consequences for all involved. The effects, besides the obvious death, ruined lives, destruction and wasted resources, ranged from the collapse of the Byzantine Empire to a souring of relations and intolerance between religions and peoples in the East and West which still blights governments and societies today.

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