Jin Dynasty (1 Jan 266 Jahr – 1 Jan 420 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

The Jin dynasty ([tɕîn]; Chinese: 晉朝; pinyin: Jìn Cháo) or the Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the Sima Jin (司馬晉) or the Two Jins (兩晉), was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420 AD. It was founded by Sima Yan, son of Sima Zhao, who was made the King of Jin and posthumously declared one of the founders of the dynasty, along with Sima Zhao's older brother Sima Shi and father Sima Yi. It followed the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD), which ended with the conquest of Eastern Wu, culminating in the reunification of China.

There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The Western Jin (266–316) was established as a successor state to Cao Wei after Sima Yan usurped the throne and had its capital at Luoyang and later Chang'an (modern Xi'an); Western Jin reunited China in 280 but fairly shortly thereafter fell into a succession crisis, the War of the Eight Princes, and suffered from the invasions instigated by the Five Barbarians, who began to establish various new self-proclaimed states along the Yellow River valley in 304 and successfully occupied northern China after the Disaster of Yongjia in 311. These states then immediately began fighting each other, inaugurating the chaotic and bloody Sixteen Kingdoms era. After the fall of Chang'an in 316, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed, forcing survivors of the Jin monarch under Sima Rui to flee south of the Yangtze River to Jiankang (modern Nanjing) and establish the Eastern Jin (317–420). The Eastern Jin dynasty, though under constant threats from the north, remained relatively stable for the next century, but was eventually usurped by general Liu Yu in 420 and replaced with the Liu Song (420–479). The Western and Eastern Jin dynasties together make up the second of the Six Dynasties.

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