Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855-1964
Category: Andere
Wurde aktualisiert: 1 Jun 2018
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Created byTom Bayes
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Ereignisse
Micheal Romanov was chosen to be Tsar. Start of the Romanov Family rule.The emancipation of the serfs, 1861Alexander told the Marshalls of the Nobilty that it was better to abolish serfdom from aboveCommitte set up to consider how to abolish serfdom. Provincial nobles elect committe to consider reformKey decision that freed serfs would acquire landEditing commission established to draw up the stautes.Local government reforms, 1864Judicial reforms, 1864Karakazov's attempted assassination of Alexander IITown councils set upNarodnick "going to the people" movement beginsTrial of the 50 and Trial of the 193The Black Partition and The People's Will revolutionary groups begin to take shapeThe "Third Section" (Secret Police) is abolishedAssassination of Alexander IIStatute of State Security - Emergency powers introduced
Okhrana (Secret Police) establishedOver the course of several years the poll tax was abolishedPeasants' Land Bank set upUniversity Statute - Stricter controls on universitiesNobles' Land Bank set upZemstva ActMunicipal Government ActTsar Nicholas II abdicates causing the Romanov family, which has ruled for 300 years, to dieRasputin heals the Tsar's sonPeasant revolts in the countryside (1902/3)Bloody SundayThe assassination of the Grand Duke SergeiUnion of Unions formedAll-Russian Peasant Union meetsTreaty of Portsmouth signed- end of war with JapanGeneral strikeSt Petersburg Soviet formedOctober ManifestoLeaders of the St Petersburg Soviet arrestedArmed uprising in Moscow crushedSuppression of peasants and minoritiesLenin is born, 1870Orders for full Russian mobilisation givenGermany declared war on RussiaProgressive Bloc formed in DumaNicholas took direct control of the army and left Petrograd leaving his wife in chargeRasputin murderedInternational women's day demonstration and paradeTurning point soldiers join the people 25-26 FebDuma special committee formed120,000 workers strike in St. PetersburgStrikes in the CaucasusRural DisorderNicholas II organizes committee on constitutional reformsStrike movement and unrest reachs Siberia and the UralsThe second National Congress of Zemstvos demands a constitutional assemblyThe Baltic Fleet is sunkSoldiers used against strikers in LodzOdessa is halted by a large strikeTsar Issues a manifesto on th creation of a state DumaPrinters strike in Moscow, the start of Russia's first General Strike.Rail Workers join strike actionTelegraph Workers join strike actionStrike action has developed into a General Strike.N. E. Bauman, a Bolshevik activist, is killed during a streetfightThe Council of Ministers is created, a government cabinet under WitteBauman's funeralThe General Strike is ended by the St. Petersburg SovietThe Union of Russian People is created by Dubrovin.The Moscow branch of the Peasants Union is arrested by the government.Telephone/graph workers strikeTsar introduces 'Provisional Rules', which at once abolish some aspects of censorshipKhrustalev-Nosar arrestedThe St. Petersburg Soviet elects a triumvirate to replace NosarNicholas II and his son given honorary membership of the Union of the Russian PeopleSergei Witte persuaded Nicholas to allow the introduction of an elected DumaNicholas forced Prime Minister Sergei Witte to resign and replaced him with Ivan GoremykinFundamental Law introducedStolypin introduced military courts to deal with political unrestThe amount of land available for peasants to purchase was increasedPeasants were given the right to leave the commune (Mir)Leon Trotsky escaped PrisonOrder No.1 issuedProvisional government formed- Dominated by liberals (Kadets). One socialist (Kerensky)Lenin returns to PetrogradMilyukov resigns as Minister For WarCoalition Government of socialists and KadetsFirst All-Russian Congress of Soviets beginsLaunch of military offensiveKerensky becomes Prime MinisterBolsheviks gain majority in Petrograd SovietBolshevik Central Committee rejects Lenin's first call for insurrectionLenin returns to Petrograd from FinlandBolshevik Central Committee confirms decision to take powerProvisional Government- Five socialists join but still dominated by liberalsProvisional Government- Three Kadet Ministers resign. Balance shifts in favor of socialists but a large amount of liberals remainBlank Shot fired- Storming of the Winter PalaceSovnarkom decrees- Maximum Eight-hour
working day. Social insurance to be introduced.
Opposition press banned
Decree on peace
Decree on landSovnarkom decrees- Right of self-determination granted
Abolition of the titles and class distinctions
Workers to control factories
Abolition of the justice system
Women declared equal to menSovnarkom decrees- Cheka (Secret Police) set up
Banks nationalized
The democratization of the Army
Marriage and divorce became civil matters
Church land nationalisedSovnarkom decrees- Creation of the Red Army.The execution of Nicholas II and his familyAssination attempt on Lenin kickstarting the Red Terror118 Separate risings throughout Soviet RussiaThe NEP is introduced to solve current problems affecting RussiaThe Cheka is renamed to the GPULenin's health delinedLenin suffers a massive strokeLenin dies, 1924Joesph Stalin is born, 1878Leon Trotsky is born, 1879Nikolai Bukharin is born, 1888Alexei Rykov is born, 1881Declaration of 46; Left Opposition formed; Central Committee condemns the declaration as a "factional move"All against Trotsky. Vote at the Party conference defeats Trotsky and the Left Opposition
Death of Lenin
Zinoviev and Kamenev alley with Stalin against Trotsky
Decision not to read out Lenin's testament at the 13th Party Congress in May
Trotsky's criticisms of the bureaucratic party defeated at the Congress
Zinoviev and Kamenev take the lead against Trotsky, and Trotsky reminds the Party of their opposition to seizing power in October 1917.Stalin now allies with Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky against Zinoviev and Kamenev
When Zinoviev and Kamenev attack Stalin at the 14th Party Congress in December they are defeated by 559 votes to 65Leadership of the Leningrad Party organization purged
Zinoviev and Kamenev join Trotsky to form the "United Opposition" and make a direct appeal to the Party masses and the workers, trying to organize demonstrations in Moscow.
Bukharin takes the lead against them and they are accused of "factionalism".
All three are expelled from the Politburo by the Central Committee- Zinoviev in July. Trotsky and Kamenev in October.Urals-Siberian method is usedStalin turns on Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky and the "right deviation" is condemnedForced collectivization begins; Central Committee ousts Bukharin from the Politburo for leading the "right deviation"
No one can now challenged Stalin who emerges victoriousEnd of AS CoursePerioden
Tsar Nicholas I, 1825-55The Crimean War, 1853-56 (Russian Defeat)Tsar Alexander II, 1855-81Peasant disturbances on news of emancipation, 1857-59Military reforms, 1861-81Education and censorship reforms,1863-64Tsar Alexander III, 1881-94Modernisation, 1880-1914Autocracy, 1825-80Tsar Nicholas II, 1894-1917Sergei Witte is Finance Minister, 1892-1903Russia becomes one of the leading industrial countries in the world. 1908-14Increase in grain production, 1880-1914Peter Stolypin brought in land reforms designed to be more productive, 1906-11The Socialist Revolutionaries kill as many as 2000 people between 1901-05The Russo-Japnese War, 1904-05Kadet party formedFamine, 1891-92First Duma, April-June 1906Second Duma, February-June 1907Third Duma, November 1907-June 1912Fourth Duma, November 1912-August 1914World War 1, 1914-1918The 1905 Russian RevolutionSailors mutiny on the Battleship PotemkinThe Peasant Union of the Volokolamsk District creates the independent Markovo RepublicThe Kronstadt mutinyThe Vladivostok MutinyThe Peasants Union holds a conference in MoscowThe Moscow Uprising, where rebels and militias try to take the city through armed struggle; it fails.July DaysSome leading Bolsheviks arrested in PetrogradKornilov affairBolsheviks seize powerRed Guard seizes key pointsRussian Civil War (1918-21)War Communism, 1919-21Between 10,000 to 15,000 people were summarily executed by the Cheka- Red TerrorTambov Uprising 1920-21Kronstadt UprisingThe NEP, 1921-28The grain crisis, 1927-28
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