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Chess timeline
Wurde aktualisiert 1 Mär 2023
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Imanol Cendejas
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Perioden
The origins of chess can be traced back to ancient India, where a game called chaturanga was played. The game was first mentioned in the Indian epic Mahabharata, which was written in the 4th century BCE. Chaturanga was played on an 8x8 board, with each player having an army consisting of infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots. The object of the game was to capture the opponent's king, which was called the rajah.
Chaturanga spread to Persia, where it was modified and became known as shatranj. Shatranj was first mentioned in Persian literature in the 6th century CE. In shatranj, the pieces were given Arabic names, and the rajah became the shah. The game was played on an 8x8 board, and the pieces were arranged in the same way as in chaturanga. The object of the game was still to capture the opponent's shah.
The Islamic conquest of Persia led to the spread of shatranj throughout the Islamic world. The game was especially popular among the ruling class, and many Arabic manuscripts were written about it.
The first known book on shatranj, Kitab ash-Shatranj (The Book of Chess), was written by the Arab writer al-Adli.
The Persian writer Ferdowsi wrote about shatranj in his epic poem, the Shahnameh.
The Persian poet Omar Khayyam wrote about shatranj in his Rubaiyat.
Chess evolved into a more complex game with the addition of the queen, which could move any number of spaces diagonally, horizontally, or vertically. This version of the game was known as mad queen's chess. The game was played in Europe, but the rules varied from region to region.
The Mongol conquest of Persia and the Islamic world led to the spread of shatranj to China and other parts of Asia.
Modern chess emerged in Europe, which included some of the pieces that we are familiar with today, such as the bishop, knight, and rook. The queen was also given the power to move any number of spaces diagonally, horizontally, or vertically. The rules of the game were also changed to make it more strategic and complex. The game was played in many European countries, including Italy, Spain, France, and England.
Chess continued to evolve, and new strategies and tactics were developed. The first known book on chess strategy, the Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez (Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess), was written by the Spanish priest Luis Ramirez de Lucena.
Chess became a popular pastime among the European aristocracy. Many famous players, such as François-André Danican Philidor, were active during this time.
Chess was standardized, and a set of rules was established that is still used today. The game was played in many European countries, and many famous tournaments were held.
The Romantic Era of chess began, and many players developed a more aggressive and tactical style of play. The first international chess tournament was held in London in 1851, and many other international tournaments followed.
Chess continued to evolve, and many new players emerged. The Soviet Union dominated the game during this time, and many of the world's best players.
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