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Wurde aktualisiert 12 Feb 2018
Rise of Islam
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Ereignisse
570 C.E.Muhammad is born in Mecca.
610 C.E. Muhammad is visited by the angel Gabriel while on retreat near Mecca. The angel informs him that he is God's prophet.
622 C.E. Because of persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrate to the nearby town of Yathrib (later to be known as Medina). The Hijrah.
630 C.E. Muhammad returns to Mecca with many followers. Muslims overthrow Mecca and begin rule
632 C.E. Muhammad dies. Abu Bakr is elected as caliph, or successor.
613 C.E. Muhammed begins to preach the word of Allah
633 C.E. The Muslim conquest begins
642 C.E. Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent, the North African coast, and parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires.
650 C.E. The Qur'an is written down under Caliph Uthman
762 C.E. the Abbasids moved the capital of the empire to a newly created city, Baghdad, in central Iraq.
661 C.E. Ali is assassinated. The elective system of choosing a caliph dies with him
636 C.E. Battle of Yarmouk between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate.
634 C.E. Abu Bakr dies. The Muslim state controls all of Arabia. Under Umar, the second caliph, Muslim armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt.
656 C.E. Uthman is murdered, starting a civil war in which various groups struggle for power. Ali, as Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, is chosen as successor. His right to rule is challenged by Muayiwa, governor of Syria.
661 C.E The Umayyads come to power. The Umayyads moved the Muslim capital to Damascus
661 C.E. Majority of Muslims accept the Umayyads’ rule (Sunni) A minority continues to resist (Shi'a) The two are split.
750 C.E. Abbasids came to power, ruthlessly murdering the remaining members of the Umayyad family.
1258 C.E. The Abbasid caliphate falls
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