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History of Instructional Technology
Events on the top, theories and studies on the bottom.
Wurde erstellt
Alexis
⟶ Wurde aktualisiert 8 Feb 2018 ⟶
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Courses to train teachers to use film were run by universities and teacher training colleges, and five separate national professional organisations for visual instruction had been established by 1930 (Saettler 1990). Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
It became apparent that Educational Films were not having expected impact - teachers were not using them.
Courses to train teachers to use film were run by universities and teacher training colleges, and five separate national professional organisations for visual instruction had been established by 1930 (Saettler 1990). Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
The first established US ‘educational radio station’ was at the University of Wisconsin Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 53). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
‘World Radio University’
‘American School of the Air’
the US Federal Communications Commission concluded that ‘radio has not been accepted as a full-fledged member of the educational family ... and remains a stepchild of education’ (Woelfel and Tyler 1945, p. 85). Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 55). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Closed circuit television educational television introduced
the US Federal Communications Commission’s decision in 1952 to set aside 242 television channels for educational purposes. Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 56). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Four of every five school students in American Samoa were spending between one-quarter and one-third of their class time watching televised lessons, which were then supplemented by follow-up exercises and question periods led by teachers. Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 57). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Educational Television seen to have a low impact on most schools
TI Speak and Spell Introduced - begining of small consumet electornics in education
Mainframe computers used in major Universities to teach coding and for students records and administration.
Psychologist and philosopher Patrick Suppes heralded the emergence of the ‘computer tutor’ as an apparent saviour of school and university education, capable of providing education to any child or adult on a flexible and individualised basis. Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 59). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Computers were being used for instructional purposes in more than 40 per cent of all US elementary schools and more than 75 per cent of all US secondary schools. Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (pp. 59-60). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
18% of US schools with computers
98% of us schools with computers
Christopher Evans proclaimed, there was little doubt that ‘portable, personal teaching computers ... will sweep through the education system of the Western world’ (1979, pp. 118–20). Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 60). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Early computer assisted learning program for math instruction of innumerate teens in Ontario
Early studies of computer assisted instruction concluded that instruction was effective and engaging
Smart Board Introduced
PPT Introduced
One-one computing gains momentum
First emarking of tests
First completely online Course
Project OUtreach study the potential of telecorses
Association for Educational Communication and Technology publication defining Educational Technology.
Instructional Design becoming prefered term
Edgar Dale's Cone of Expereince
Hawkridge Proposed reform of educational technology
The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Shannon and Weaver.
Skinner - Teaching Machines Programed Instruction
Glasser- Teaching Machines and Programed learning Programmed Instruction
Lumisdaine Programmed Instruction
Mager's 1962 Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction Teaching Machines movement
Gagne - The Conditions of Learning Behavioural Psychology
Papert Applied Cognitive Science
Cognition and Technology Group Applied Cognitive Science
National Development Programme in Computer Assisted Learning Widespread introduction of Microcomputers into schools in BG
Systems Theory applied to Instructional Technolgy Hoban
Systems Theory conference at Syracuse University Established Systems Theory as a halmark of the field
Introduction of the Chalkboard
Edison predicted at the beginning of the 1920s: I believe that the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and that in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks. ... The education of the future, as I see it, will be conducted through the medium of the motion picture. (cited in Cuban 1986, p. 9) Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (pp. 50-51). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Catalogue of Educational Motion Pictures listed over one thousand different film titles arranged around thirty different topics and subject Selwyn, Neil. Education and Technology: Key Issues and Debates (p. 51). Bloomsbury Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Vygotsky
Jonassen Instructional Design
John Dewy 1920-1940s