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Wars of the Roses
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Wurde aktualisiert 26 Jan 2018
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Maria Curwen
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Ereignisse
Henry Bolingbroke seizes the throne of England - arguably the start of the Wars
Henry V dies, leaving his 9 month old son, Henry VI, as king
Treaty of Arras between France and Burgundy removes key supporter of England.
All of France has been lost, except for Calais
Royal revenue has dropped almost half to £40,000 a year
Henry VI goes mad and is unable to rule
Henry VI surrenders Maine to the French to secure the marriage with Margaret
French recapture Paris
Pontoise surrendered to French
News of the defeat at Castillon triggers Henry's madness
Jack Cade's rebellion
Rebels from Cade's rebellion enter London and take control for a few days
Lord Saye and William Crowmer given mock trials and beheaded
Cade loses control of his army and is killed by the Sheriff of Kent
All pardons from Cade's rebellion were anulled
Richard of York made Protector of the Realm - 1st Protectorate begins
Events at Dartford
Somerset made Lieutenant of France, instead of York
Gloucester arrested by Suffolk - 5 days later, he dies of a stroke (rumours he was murdered)
Adam Moleyns murdered
Impeachment of Suffolk begins - sent into exile, given a mock trial and beheaded His followers begin to support Somerset
Peace with France becomes royal policy
Suffolk helps to arrange king's marriage and truce with France
Crown owed at least £372,000 to nobles
Cade changes his surname to Mortimer
York arrives in London, after hearing of the rebellion
Normandy falls to the French
York arranges the marriage of his daughter to Henry Holland (Exeter) and rexeives the wardship of his underage son in law
York and Somerset had a joint trusteeship for land in Essex
Henry VI deals with rebels from Cade's rebellion
Henry VI/Somerset successfully deals with the Courtenay-Bonville feud
Henry VI/Somerset successfully deals with Yorkish supporters from Dartford who had fled to the Welsh Border
Somerset replaces Lord Beauchamp as treasurer with the Earl of Warwick
Reading parliament - reflection of growing popularity for Somerset's judicial and military measures
Plans made to rescue Gascony - limited expedition failed
Well publicised scheme for Henry VI to travel to Calais and defend it doesn't happen
Earl of Shrewsbury reconquers Bordeaux in Germany
Shrewsbury's forces crushed - last of England's French possessions were lost
Queen paid Somerset an annuity of 100 marks
Henry's 2 Tudor brothers given George Neville's half of the Despenser inheritance
Comission of Oyer and Terminer
Relations between Nevilles and Percies begins to steadily deteriorate
Nevilles attacked by a large Percy force
General slackening of tensions across the country's nobility
First Battle of St Albans - Somerset killed
York agrees to a settlement with Calais merchantsand unpaid garrisons
Buckingham settles a dispute between Vernons and Gresleys in the North
York unsuccessful in persuading Lords to agree to further resumptions
Fighting between Talbots and Berkelys in Gloucestershire
Neville conflict with Somerset becomes confrontational
Nevilles waylaid, leads to Battle of Heworth between Nevilles and Percies
Lord Egremont sent to prison
Devon and Bonvilles fight at Clyst - Bonville defeated and fled
'Loveday'
Battle of Blore Heath
Battle of Ludford Bridge
Parliament of Devils - attainers issued against all major Yorkists
Margaret replaces Thomas Lisseux with Lawrence Booth as keeper of the Privy Sral
Margaret replaces Viscount Bourchier with John Talbot (Shrewsbury) as treasurer
Margaret punished Herbert and Devereux in Wales
Garmarthen and Aberystwyth given to Tudor brothers
York, Salisbury, Warwick and other Yorkists were all excluded from a great council at Coventry
John Dinham raids Sandwich with 800 soldiers
Warwick and Edward returned to England with 2000 men - allowed into London with an army 40,000 strong
Battle of Northampton - Warwick captures Henry VI
Act of Accord - York and his heirs receive the throne when Henry VI dies
Lancastrians marched south to free the king
Battle of Wakefield - York and his son, Rutland, killed
Many soldiers deserted Warwick to Somerset at Newnham Bridge - Yorkists also made a 3 month truce with Duke Philip of Burgundy
Richard of York seizes the English throne
Edward travels West to the Welsh borders to raise men and money for York
Somerset, Devon and Sir Alexander Hody recruit 800 troops for the Lancastrian cause
Margaret makes an alliance with Scotland against the Yorkists
Battle of Mortimer's Cross - Edward wins a decisive victory
Second Battle of St Albans
Bishop Neville of Exeter declares Edward's title to the throne
Battle of Towton - bloodiest battle in English history
Warwick departed for the Midlands to raise men for battle = fought with Exeter
Edward leads a march from London
Scots led a raid on Carlisle and Lancastrians heavily defeated by Warwick
Jasper Tudor and Exeter defeated in a battle near Caernarvon
Harlech Castle fell to Yorkists
Henry and Margaret arrive in Scotland
Roger Vaughan defeated at Dryslwyn
Battle of Hedgeley Moor
Battle of Hexham - Sonerset executed
Somerset pardoned
Sir John Dinham became a New Yorkist
Sir John Wenlock was made a baron
Sir Walter Blount was created Lord Mountjoy
Somerset defects
Somerset given a general pardon and later has his name, title, state and dignity restored
Thomas Tresham pardoned for life
Edward IV resumed negotiations for an alliance with France and Burgundy
Edward IV becomes king again
Edward IV formalised a marriage between his sister, Margaret and Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy
Edward IV secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville
Edward IV forced to confess that he was married
Earl Rivers, Elizabeth's father, becomes treasurer of England in place of Lord Montagu, Warwick's uncle
George Neville made Archbishop of York
George Neville seeking papal dispensation to marry Isabel and Clarence
Warwick begins working with Clarence to undermine Edward
Clarence marries Isabel, against Edward IV's wishes
Warwick issues a manifesto declaring his intent to 'relieve England' of its corrupt councellors and lawlessness
Battle of Edgecote Moor
Battle of Losecoat Field
Edward IV becomes King
Edward IV loses the throne
Clarence made his way to Kent
Pastons turned pro-Lancastrian because Edward failed to intervene in their struggle against Norfolk
Henry VI released from captivity and formally readepted to the English throne
Edward IV landed at Ravenspur with 50,000 crowns donated by Charles of Burgundy
Edward IV and Clarence are formally reconciled at Banbury
Edward returns to London victorious - locks up Henry
Battle of Barnet - Warwick killed
Battle of Tewkesbury - Prince Edward killed and Margaret captured
Henry VI died, presumably put to death on Edward IV's orders
Margaret dies in Anjou
Rebellion of Robin of Redesdale
Lord FitzHugh's rebellion
Margaret began persuading Louis XI to exploit the political rifts in England
Edward immediately orders his troops to concentrate at Windsor and hastily prepare for battle
Percies have begun to regain their honour after losing everything at Towton
Perioden
Agrarian collapse harms the North and reduces revenue by 10%
Commercial collapse that harms the South particularly badly
Court dominated by Somerset
Court dominated by Suffolk
Increase piracy leads to a loss of shipping from Kent and increased riots
Unspoken agreement of not breaking noble ranks - by 1450, the weakness of the King was now a serious public issue
York's First Protectorate
York's Second Protectorate
Courtenays rampaged in Devonshire - murder of Nicholas Radford
Heirs of those killed at St Albans began supporting Margaret
Margaret marches North with her notorious Northern army
Edward IV made a truce with the Scots to deprive the Lancastrians of support
Northumberland betrays twice
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