European History
Category: Andere
Wurde aktualisiert: 14 Jan 2018
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Ereignisse
King John of england signed the
Magna Carter, agreeing
to have a council of barons and stop
hiring foreign soldiers. it also
gave the people some rights
and said the king was not above the law.The fall of the western Roman Empire.
Rome had ruled much of
Europe. Now much of the land
would fall into confusion
as local kings and rulers
tried to grab power.
This is the start of the
Dark Ages or the Middle Ages.Charlemagne, King of the Franks,
is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
Charlemagne united much of Western
Europe and is considered the father of
both the French and the German
Monarchies.Vikings from the Scandinavian lands
(Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) begin
to invade northern Europe. They would
continue until 1042.Start of the First Crusade. The Crusades
were wars between the Holy Roman
Empire and the Muslims over the Holy
Land. There would be several Crusades
over the next 200 years.The Hundred Years War begins
between England and France for
control of the French throne.The Black Death begins in Europe.joan of arc killed by england
(burnt at the stake).) most famously
known to have led the french the
victory in OrleanGerman inventor Johannes Gutenberg
invents the printing press.
Signals the beginning of the Renaissancefall of eastern roman empire. End of
medival periodCosimo de Medici
establishes the
Medici family's
dominance in FlorenceThe Spanish Inquisition begins.Boccaccio completes
writing "The Decameron"
on the effects of the
Black PlagueNiccolo Machiavelli
publishes "The Prince"
-"The end justifies the means"The reformation
movement begins.
Martin Luther posts his
95 theses on the church doorMichelangelo starts
painting the ceiling of the
Sistine ChapelIl' duomo finished by brunnelleshi
in florenceFrench Invasions begin in Italy
"First Italian War"girrolamo Savonarola became
the unofficial leader of Florence
between 1494 and 1498Frnce was removed from Italy in 1498,
Savonarola was imprisoned and then
burned at the stake.Sack of Rome in by armies of
Holy Roman Emperor CharlesV
(king of Spain) symbolized the end
of the Renaissance in ItalyMedici family returns to power
in florenceLuther is excommunicated from
the church by Pope leo X in 1520.
He threw the Papal bull in a fireDiet of Worms. Assempby of
the HRE put luther under trial.
Luther refused to refute his
ideasLuther publishes the first German
bibleWilliam Tyndale, a humanist, translated
the English Bible in 1526Pilgrimage of Grace. opposion to Henry
VIII new anglican church led to a huge multi-
class rebellion; the largest in English historyPeasants war 1524-1525
peasants wrote the twelve
articles in 1525 demanding
realease of opression in feudalism in
germany. Luther allowed the killing
of these peasantspeace of augsburg in germany,
princes could choose catholic or
protestant, created religious divisionGroup of anabatist led by
John of Leyden took control of
munster in Germany. they burned
books and killed peoples of different
religensTragedy at Muster: Combined forces
of catholic and protestants captured
the city and executed the anabaptist
leadersColloquy of Marburg (1529): Ulrich Zwingli
officially splitwith Luther over issue of
EucharistNetherlands declares it's independanceTreaty of Cateau-Cambrèsis
Ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars
(italian wars waged to dominate
italian city statesBattle of Lepanto Spain defeated the
Turkish navy off the coast of GreeceSpanish armada, Spain fails to
invade EnglandSt. Bartholomew Day MassacreEdict of Nantes, Henry IV granted
a degree of religious toleration to
HuguenotsDefenestration of Prague; The Holy
Roman Emperor placed severe restrictions
on Protestantism, started disputeEdict of Restitution: The Emperor declared
all church territories that had been
secularized since 1552 to be
automatically restored to Catholic ChurchBattle of Breitenfeld, victory for
Gustav’s forces that ended Hapsburg hopes
ofreuniting Germany under CatholicismTreaty of Westphalia (1648): ended the
Catholic Reformation in GermanySiege of Vienna: Successfully repelled
Turks from gates of Vienna in 1683
Last attempt by the Ottoman Empire
to take central Europe.Treaty ofNystad :Russia gained Latvia and
Estonia and thus gained its “Window on
the West”in the Baltic Sea.Peace of Alais: Huguenots lost fortified cities
and protestat armiesStorming of the Bastille
Parisian” revolution began in response to food
shortages, soaring bread prices, 25%
unemployment, and fear of military repression.Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen issued August 26, 1789flight to Varennes: Louis XVI tried to escape
France in June to avoid having to approve the
Constitution of 1791Brunswick Manifesto issued by Prussia and
Austria and threatened to destroy Paris if the
royal family was harmed.France was proclaimed a republicLouis XVI convicted of treason and executedthe constitution
gives supreme power to Napoleon.Concordat of 1801 with Roman Catholic ChurchTreaty of Lunèville
-Ended the Second Coalition.
-Resulted in Austria’s loss of its
Italian possessions.
-germany loses west bank of the rhineNapoleon crowned himself hereditary
Emperor of FranceBattle of Trafalgar, French and Spanish
fleets were destroyed by the British navy
under the command of Lord Horatio Nelson,
off the Spanish coast.Treaty of Utrecht: marked downfall of
the DutchBerlin Decree, 1806: Napoleon sought to
starve Britain out by closing ports on the
continent to British commerce.1862 Otto von Bismarck was appointed
prime minister of Prussia.
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