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timeline 1919-1923
Wurde erstellt
Sophie Needham
⟶ Wurde aktualisiert 5 Nov 2017 ⟶
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Ereignisse
leaders of the German army kew they were on the Brik of defeat
failure of Ludendorff offensive- it had made German citizens believe that they were winning
Prince Max Von Baden appointed chancellor, he was supported by the parties of the Reichstag (SPD), advised Kaiser to put more democratic reforms in place in order to gain favour with US wrote to Woodrow Wilson asking for an armistice, wilson's conditions for a truce: Germany must evacuate foreign territory, end all submarine warfare and introduce a fully democratic political system
German people felt betrayed by the government asking for an armistice and naval mutiny began
Republic was proclaimed in Bavaria meaning that Prince Max and the Bavarian monarchy had lost control
SPD called workers in Berlin to strike + Prince Max released a press statement saying that the Kaiser was abdicating= Kaiser forced to abdicate, Prince Max resigned as chancellor, Ebert took over
Armistice signed with allies
Ebert made a deal with workers' and soldiers' councils agreeing to support the Constituent assembly and to pursue change through democratic means Steinnes-Leigon pact- between Ebert's gov and key industrialists, who agreed they would recognise trade unions and to cooperate
Ebert-Groener Pact- Groener promised support of army in order for Ebert to not give into the workers' and soldiers' councils
Weimar Constitution was created
Peace Treaty of Versailles signed; Germany only given 7 days to sign
Schneidemann becomes chancellor, Ebert is President
Schneidemann resigns-gustaf Bauer takes over
Germany presented with treaty
Germany's National debt= 1.44billion marks
Reparations Commission set amount of compensation to be paid at £6.6billion in cash, gold and goods
Reparartions Commissions postponed payments for January and February
Germany asked for postponement for rest of the year
asked for loan of 500million marks ad realised of payments for 3-4years= refused request
France sent 60,000 troops into the Ruhr government told people to go on strike= passive resistance - people still needed to be paid so Konstatin Fehrenbach and Joseph Wirth extended loans and printed more money meaning the value of the mark fell massively
Frace and Belgium increased their troops to 100,000 men- took control of steelworks, factories, mines, railways
price of bread in Germany was £201,000,000,000 due to hyperinflation
elections- (pro-republic) SPD 163 seats DDP 75 Centre Party 91 (left) USPD 22 KDP 0 (right) DVP 19 DNVP 44
elections- (pro-republic) SPD 103 seats DDP 39 Centre Party 64 (had all lost seats because they were pro-republic= were moving away from the Weimar Constituency) (left) USPD 83 KDP 4 (right) DVP 65 DNVP 71 (extreme left and right wing parties were gaining seats due to the political instability)
Sparticits uprising- Karl leibliche and rossa Luxemburg led armed uprising on Berlin
uprising had been crushed by freikorps, rosa and Karl executed
uprising in Berlin and Bavaria- both violently defeated
Waves of strikes in the Ruhr and Halle- supressed
Red Army formed in Berlin due to strikes- 500,000 workers took over Ruhr- eventually suppressed
Uprisings in Saxony, Hamburg, Ruhr- all suppressed
NSDAP held rally to announce its 25 points programme
Kahr and Lossow (leaders of right wing Bavarian government) planned to overthrow Weimar gov by marching on Berlin with 15,000 Bavarian soldiers - invited Hitler to join, they backed out and Hitler decided to continue using Nazi support instead
Hitler stormed the Beer Hall where Lossow and Kahr were holding a meeting, he forced them to sign a document stating their support let Kahr go- he told Ebert and so the army were prepared when Nazis marched on Munich Ludendorff arrested at the scene
Hitler arrested used trial to his advantage- spoke about the flaws of the Weimar government judiciary supported him sentenced to 5 years in prison, only served 9 months
Kapp Putsch- Gustav Nöske demands 2 units of Freikcorps to disband Jalther Von Luttwitz refused to disband 1= plan to march troops on Berlin Wolfgang Kapp supports gov can't stop it through army because "troops don't fire on troops" so the only other response is to make workers gon on strike to show they don't support kapp