1 Jan 1940 Jahr - 1924: Religious schools were closed and the Caliphate was abolished as part of Atatürk's secularization reforms. First National Education Law Introduced in 1926: the Ministry of National Education's centralization of education. the development of a uniform curriculum to replace regional differences. 1933: The New Turkish Alphabet is Adopted: Latin letters are substituted for the Arabic script in an effort to raise the literacy rate. Adult education became mandatory in order to ease the transition. Basi (Band der Zeit)