1 Jan 1901 Jahr - PE: Founding of Australia

Beschreibung:

"A new nation has been born in the southern hemisphere, as the Australian colonies have united to form the Commonwealth of Australia. The federation of Australia was proclaimed on 1 January 1901 by Lord Hopetoun, the first Governor-General, at a ceremony in Sydney’s Centennial Park. The ceremony was attended by thousands of people, who cheered and waved flags as they witnessed the historic event. The federation of Australia was the culmination of a long process of debate and negotiation among the colonies, which had been largely self-governing since the 1850s. The main reasons for federation were to achieve a common defence against foreign threats, a uniform tariff policy to promote trade and industry, a national railway system to facilitate transport and communication, and a federal parliament to deal with matters of common interest. The federation also reflected a growing sense of Australian identity and nationalism among the colonists, who wanted to assert their independence from Britain and their distinctiveness from other parts of the world. The federal constitution was drafted by a series of conventions held between 1891 and 1898, and approved by referendums in each colony between 1898 and 1900. The constitution established a federal system of government, with a bicameral parliament consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives, an executive branch headed by a Prime Minister and a Cabinet, and a judicial branch consisting of a High Court and other federal courts.

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