9 Jul 1920 Jahr - restructure of insurgency, making kontrraz subordinate to operations section of SRPU, kontrraz also relieved of judicial and punitive functions by new commission for anti Makhnovists activities (KAD), largely sure to the lawlessness of Polonsky's execution. at meeting which created it, Belash criticizes the power of commanders for not adjusting to disruption, resulting in unjust killings of the like of trade unionists and grass roots organizers - just like regular bandits. KAD unanimously passed, chaired by

Beschreibung:

In the summer of 1920 a reorganization of the structure of the reborn Insurgent Army was carried out in which the Kontrrazvedka
became subordinate to the operations section of the SRPU(m). At
the same time, the Kontrrazvedka was relieved of its judicial and
punitive functions, which were transferred to a Commission for
Anti-Makhnovist Activities (KAD), which in turn was subordinate
to the organizational section. In other words, the Civilian Section
of the Kontrrazvedka was abolished and its activities, which had
given rise to the most complaints about the Kontrrazvedka, were
transferred to KAD. The SRPU(m) remembered the lawlessness of
the Batko's associates in connection with the execution of Polonsky,
and the Commission was created in order to remove judicial functions from commanders and "especially from Makhno's milieu"
KAD was created at a meeting on July 9, 1920, in the village of
Vremyevka, during re-elections to the VSR.
It's noteworthy that in his speech at this meeting
Belash criticized the commanders for not adjust-
ing to the changing situation and, along with
the head of "power-hungry" organization, kill-
ing leaders of such grass-roots organizations as
trade unions and co-operatives without carrying
out an investigation - just like regular bandits.
1148) Belash was upset, apparently, because while
the Kontrrazvedka had been assigned judicial
functions in 1919, after its re-organization and
transformation into an exclusively intelligence-gathering organ,
the right to punish was acquired by each command and even each
insurgent. He indicated that such practices benefited criminal ele-
ments who had latched on to the movement. The resolution to create
KAD was passed unanimously. As its chairperson N. Zuychenko was
elected - he was an anarchist from 1906 who had been active in the
"Union of Poor Peasants":"149) The other members of the Commission
were G. Kuzmenko, Vasilenko, and Chaikovsky. Subject to the judgment of the Commission were both captured sol-
diers and commanders of the Red and White armies and Petlyurist
formations as well as commanders and rank-and-file insurgents of
the SRPU(m) Army."1501 According to Teper, KAD was created as a
result of pressure from Baron, Sukhovolsky, and Belash. 151) KAD's
mandate was defined as follows: “to apply justice carrying out the
investigation and punishment to persons of the other camp, i.e. anti-
Makhnovists.|1521 Also according to Teper, KAD was given the right
to condemn, without investigating: Chekists, prodrazverstka agents,
and heads of sovkhozes and kolkhozes. And from the Communists
any "who with weapon in hand or by word of mouth attacked the
Makhnovshchina”. It is significant that from the beginning the
KAD was organized out of the cultural-educational section
Makhnovist organization which carried out ideologically sound
education and was staffed exclusively by anarchists who were
theoretically adept and had a clear idea about what a free anarchist
society must be and what kind of justice it must have.

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