11 Jul 1496 Jahr v. Chr. - ANCHOR Sothic Rising

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The Pharaoh of the Exodus Fairy tale or real history? Outcome of the investigation by
Gérard GERTOUX

As seen previously, lunar dates have not been translated into the Egyptian secular calendar, except sometimes lunar day 1 (psdntyw), because these dates had no practical value. There were some exceptions with the lunar days coinciding with a unique astronomical event such as a helical rising of Sirius. We find such an example with the dating: III Shemu 9 “Opening of the Year” dated year 9 of Amenhotep I (Ebers papyrus). It is indeed a lunar date because the Sothic rising at that time is dated July 11 and the date in the Egyptian secular calendar should have been III Shemu 14 (July 11)11.

THE AKHENATEN'S REIGN: AN EGYPTOLOGICAL DELIRIUM by Gerard Gertoux

Dated lunar days in the Egyptian calendar allow obtaining absolute dates in Egyptian chronology and, for example, to fix precisely the reigns of Thutmose III and Ramses II. These days are of the type "year x, month y, day z which is a lunar day 1 [psdntyw]" and are almost linked to that day 1, because the other lunar days (6, 15, 18, 29) dated in the calendar are exceptional. Synchronisms dated by astronomy show that the Egyptian lunar month began on the full moon (until the beginning of the Ptolemaic era)37. The Egyptian lunar calendar was used to fix religious observances associated with the moon, hence the importance of day 1 starting the cycle, but has rarely been used to date events since the civil calendar was planned for this purpose. Double lunar dates such as "month X, days Y [lunar] corresponding to year x, month y, day z [civil]" are rare38, but they allow demonstrating that the Egyptian lunar calendar began with an intercalary month (which explains its difficult use for dating). Thanks to these double lunar dates, it is possible dating year 12 of Amasis in 558 BCE and 9 year of Amenhotep I in 1496 BCE.

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