12 St. 5 Min, 22 Apr 1724 Jahr - Kant

Beschreibung:

Kant's theory is an example of a deontological moral theory–morality is based on reason, not emotion
Concerned about the input and whether it is right or wrong more so than the outcome
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in the history of western philosophy

According to Kant's theory:
- Always treat persons (including yourself) and ends in themselves, never merely as a means to your own ends.
- Act only on that maxim that you can consistently to be a universal law.

Like Utilitarianism, Imannual Kant’s moral theory is grounded in a theory of intrinsic value. But where the utilitarian take happiness, conceived of as pleasure and the absence of pain to be what has intrinsic value, Kant takes the only thing to have moral worth for its own sake to be the goodwill. Persons, conceived of as autonomous rational moral agents, are beings that have intrinsic moral worth. This value of persons makes them deserving of moral respect. Kant’s moral theory is often referred to as the “respect for persons'' theory of morality.

Kant calls his fundamental moral principle the Categorical Imperative. An imperative is just a command. The notion of a categorical imperative can be understood in contrast to that of a hypothetical imperative. A hypothetical imperative tells you what to do in order to achieve some goal. For instance, “if you want to get a good grade in calculus, work the assignment regularly.” This claim tells you what to do in order to get a good grade in calculus. But it doesn’t tell you what to do if you don’t care about getting a good grade. What is distinctive about a categorical imperative is that it tells you how to act regardless of what end or goal you might desire. Kant holds that if there is a fundamental law of morality, it is a categorical imperative. Taking the fundamental principle of morality to be a categorical imperative implies that moral reasons override other sorts of reasons. You might, for instance, think you have a self-interested reason to cheat on an exam. But if morality is grounded in a categorical imperative, then your moral reason against cheating overrides your self-interested reason.

Kant was born into a Prussian German family of Lutheran Protestant faith in Königsberg, East Prussia. ... Kant maintained Christian ideals for some time but struggled to reconcile the faith with his belief in science.

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