25 Dez 1991 Jahr - Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Beschreibung:

The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the process of internal disintegration within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which began in the late 1980s with growing unrest in the various constituent republics, and ended on December 26, 1991, when the Supreme Soviet voted the USSR itself out of existence.

The secession of the Baltic states (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) and the failure of the 1991 August Coup, when Soviet government and army elites tried to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and stop the so-called "parade of sovereignties", led to the central government in Moscow completely losing any actual power, and the Soviet republics proclaiming independence in the following days. The Belovezha Accords were signed by the republics of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus on December 8, 1991, recognising each other's independence and creating the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The remaining republics, with the exception of Georgia, joined the CIS on December 21, signing the Alma-Ata Protocol.

On December 25, Gorbachev resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers—including control of the nuclear launch codes—to Boris Yeltsin, the first President of the Russian Federation. That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the Russian historical flag. On the next day, the Declaration 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet recognised self-governing independence for the Soviet republics, formally dissolving the Soviet Union. Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR marked the end of the Cold War.

Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with Russia and formed multilateral organizations such as the CIS, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Union State, the Eurasian Customs Union, and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union, while Georgia and Ukraine have been expressing interest in going the same way.

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